Talk:Post vaccination syndrome introduction for practitioners
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- still need to find a good primer on MCAS. The topic is complicated unfortunately.
Biomarkers exist[edit]
There are two sets of tests that seem to have high specificity and sensitivity for post vaccination syndrome:
- An inflammatory marker panel developed by IncellDX has found unusual levels of various cytokines in post vaccination patients. These include IFN-γ (interferon gamma), IL-2 (interluekin-2), and CCL4-MIP-1β. The details of this test is described in the paper Immune-Based Prediction of COVID-19 Severity and Chronicity Decoded Using Machine Learning (https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.700782).
- Auto-antibody tests offered by the German lab Cell-Trend seem to find elevated auto-antibody levels in long COVID patients. A paper by Wallukat et al. provides data on long COVID patients versus controls (see https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtauto.2021.100100). Some information on the logistics of obtaining these tests can be found here.
Other biomarkers:
- Bruce Patterson's team has found persistent S1 spike protein in the non-classical monocytes cells of patients. Their findings are described in their monocyte paper (https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.06.25.449905) and in online presentations by Bruce Patterson (https://youtu.be/O_XX9_IujeY).
- Protein sequencing of persistent S1 spike protein seems to find differences between post vaccination patients and long COVID patients. See the discussion at 23 minutes of this presentation by Patterson: https://youtu.be/O_XX9_IujeY?t=1417
- Microclots. The following paper describes the blood clots found in long COVID patients: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12933-021-01359-7 It is unclear if post vaccination patients also have microclots.