Megan weitner's 2016 thesis

Mechanisms of action

Membrane permeability or homeostasis mechanisms:

• Hydroxychloroquine: As a base, it alters the intracellular pH by attracting acids. This may disurpt the ion transport gradient, preventing cells from acquiring the necessary nutrients in their dormant state. When combined with drugs that act on DNA transcription, activity from transmembrane proteins may also be affected, further preventing the cells from maintaining their necessary nutrient and ion balance.
• Fluconazole: Fluconazole is an antifungal drug that inhibits cytochrome p-450-dependent 14α-sterol demethylase, resulting in an inhibition of ergosterol. While normally exclusive to fungal membranes, Borrelia utilize ergosterol in their membranes to maintain fluidity and membrane integrity. The membrane dysfunction caused by the addition of fluconazole could allow for increased cellular penetration of the other drugs, but it could also function through disruption of nutrition uptake.

Free radical producing:

• Methylene blue:
• Artemisinin:

Protein synthesis inhibitor:

• Doxycycline:
• Azithromycin:
• Nitrofurantoin:

DNA transcription:

• Rifabutin: