COVID prevention and treatment - Revision history

User123: /* Early treatment and prevention */

2024-03-15T16:52:02Z

Early treatment and prevention

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:52, 15 March 2024
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	[https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.03725-2020 A randomized controlled study from Rocco and colleagues] found that nitazoxanide (Alinia) reduced viral loads but did not have much of an effect on symptom resolution.		[https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.03725-2020 A randomized controlled study from Rocco and colleagues] found that nitazoxanide (Alinia) reduced viral loads but did not have much of an effect on symptom resolution.

			=== Bromhexine and niclosamide ===

			A Thai study found that various repurposed drug combinations were effective in treating acute COVID. One of those combinations was bromhexine and niclosamide. Neither are sold commercially in the US, though nicosamide was commercially available in the US in the past and bromhexine is available in Western countries such as Australia.

			https://www.thelancet.com/journals/eclinm/article/PIIS2589-5370(24)00096-8/fulltext

	== Masks ==		== Masks ==

User123: /* Other early treatment protocols */

2023-09-22T04:05:27Z

Other early treatment protocols

← Older revision		Revision as of 04:05, 22 September 2023
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	=== Other early treatment protocols ===		=== Other early treatment protocols ===

	For up-to-date information, you can consult these 2 resources:		For up-to-date information, you can consult these resources:

	# The ~~FLCCC has~~ [https://~~covid19criticalcare~~.~~com~~/~~covid~~-19-~~protocols/i~~-~~mask~~-~~plus~~-~~protocol~~/ early treatment ~~and prevention protocols~~] ~~on their website~~.		# The [https://www.canadiancovidcarealliance.org/all/ccca-prevention-and-early-treatment-guide/ CCCA early treatment guide] is the easiest to follow.
	# [https://c19early.com/ C19Early.com] lists various treatments and the evidence/data that might support their use.		# [https://c19early.com/ C19Early.com] lists various treatments and the evidence/data that might support their use.

	~~Because our knowledge of COVID is constantly advancing, you may want to go to each source directly for the latest information.~~

	~~The FLCCC protocols are easier to follow than c19early.~~

	==== c19Early.com ====		==== c19Early.com ====

User123: /* Early treatment and prevention */

2023-05-02T03:58:30Z

Early treatment and prevention

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:58, 2 May 2023
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	== Early treatment and prevention ==		== Early treatment and prevention ==

	~~For up-~~to~~-date information, you can consult these 2 resources~~:		The easiest early treatment guide to follow is prepared by the CCCA: https://www.canadiancovidcarealliance.org/all/ccca-prevention-and-early-treatment-guide/

	~~# The FLCCC has [~~https://~~covid19criticalcare~~.~~com~~/~~covid-19-protocols~~/i-~~mask~~-~~plus~~-~~protocol/~~ early treatment ~~and prevention protocols] on their website.~~
	~~# [https:~~/~~/c19early.com/ C19Early.com] lists various treatments and the evidence/data that might support their use.~~

	~~Because our knowledge of COVID is constantly advancing, you may want to go to each source directly for the latest information.~~

	The ~~FLCCC protocols are the easiest to follow, so this page will focus on that first. If you want extra protection, then consult c19early.com on top of that~~.		The information is available as a video and as a PDF file.

	Most of the items on the ~~FLCCC protocol~~ can be purchased on short notice. However, there are a few items that may be extremely difficult to get quickly:		Most of the items in the CCCA guide can be purchased on short notice. However, there are a few items that may be extremely difficult to get quickly:

	* Melatonin, which is easily purchased except in the United Kingdom where a prescription is needed.		* Melatonin, which is easily purchased except in the United Kingdom (where a prescription is needed).
	* Nigella sativa / black seed oil. This is sold at online supplement retailers (e.g. iHerb, Amazon) and sometimes ethnic supermarkets that cater to Iranians, Pakistanis, Indians (the country), etc. If you are thinking about trying black seed oil for long haul treatment, you should probably buy a grocery-sized amount. If you plan on taking 4 teaspoons/day for a week, then you will need roughly 120mL.		* Nigella sativa / black seed oil. This is sold at online supplement retailers (e.g. iHerb, Amazon) and sometimes ethnic supermarkets that cater to Iranians, Pakistanis, Indians (the country), etc. If you are thinking about trying black seed oil for long haul treatment, you should probably buy a grocery-sized amount. If you plan on taking 4 teaspoons/day for a week (for long haul treatment), then you will need roughly 120mL. Less is needed for early treatment.
	* Ivermectin, which is a prescription drug in many countries and many states. See the [https://www.longhaulwiki.com/index.php/Ivermectin\|the ivermectin page] for information on how to get it.		* Ivermectin, which is a prescription drug in many countries and many states. See the [https://www.longhaulwiki.com/index.php/Ivermectin\|the ivermectin page] for information on how to get it.
	* Hydroxychloroquine. (You can perhaps find a telemedicine doctor, tell him/her that you are planning a trip to Africa, and say that you want Plaquenil for malaria prevention.)

	The items that are easily obtained are:		The items that are easily obtained are:

	* Anti-viral mouthwash. Look for mouthwash with 1% povidone/iodine, cetylpyridinium chloride (e.g. Scope, Act, Crest), or Listerine with essential oils.		* Anti-viral mouthwash. Look for mouthwash with 1% povidone/iodine, cetylpyridinium chloride (e.g. Scope, Act, Crest), or Listerine with essential oils.
	* Vitamin D3, which is available in many supermarkets and practically all drug stores / pharmacies / chemists.		* Vitamin D, which is available in many supermarkets and practically all drug stores / pharmacies / chemists. Note that the CCCA guide calls for high doses of vitamin D.
	* Vitamin C		* Vitamin C
	* Quercetin		* Quercetin
	* Zinc (~~elemental zinc~~)		* Zinc (with copper)

			=== Other early treatment protocols ===

			For up-to-date information, you can consult these 2 resources:

			# The FLCCC has [https://covid19criticalcare.com/covid-19-protocols/i-mask-plus-protocol/ early treatment and prevention protocols] on their website.
			# [https://c19early.com/ C19Early.com] lists various treatments and the evidence/data that might support their use.

			Because our knowledge of COVID is constantly advancing, you may want to go to each source directly for the latest information.

			The FLCCC protocols are easier to follow than c19early.

	=== c19Early.com ===		==== c19Early.com ====

	This website is a little more advanced as it links to studies with data on each of the treatments listed. Please be cautious as the site can suffer from a "garbage in garbage out" problem. Pharma companies and other parties have been known to manipulate clinical trial results to make a treatment look safer and more effective than it actually is. The safe, cautious approach is to only look at treatments that are known to be safe, such as supplements and drugs that have been sold over-the-counter for many years.		This website is a little more advanced as it links to studies with data on each of the treatments listed. Please be cautious as the site can suffer from a "garbage in garbage out" problem. Pharma companies and other parties have been known to manipulate clinical trial results to make a treatment look safer and more effective than it actually is. The safe, cautious approach is to only look at treatments that are known to be safe, such as supplements and drugs that have been sold over-the-counter for many years.

User123 at 16:27, 8 October 2022

2022-10-08T16:27:10Z

@@ Line 39: / Line 39: @@
 === Effect of vaccination on COVID outcomes ===
 === American veterans data ===
@@ Line 49: / Line 57: @@
 <blockquote>The median distribution of time between the first and second infection was 79 days (IQR: 48–119), and between the second and third was 65 (43–97).</blockquote>
 == Early treatment and prevention ==

User123: /* Studies showing a relationship between cumulative spike protein exposure and risk of vaccine side effects */

2022-10-08T16:25:13Z

Studies showing a relationship between cumulative spike protein exposure and risk of vaccine side effects

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:25, 8 October 2022
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	=== Studies showing a relationship between cumulative spike protein exposure and risk of vaccine side effects ===		=== Studies showing a relationship between cumulative spike protein exposure and risk of vaccine side effects ===

	~~Moderna versus Pfizer branded~~ vaccination ~~may be a factor since Moderna vaccines tend to have more active ingredient than Pfizer vaccines (see the page on [[Vaccine_differences\|vaccine differences]]).~~		==== Risks following vaccination ====

	'''https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.12.23.21268276''' - This study funded by Health Data Research UK found that myocarditis was more likely with second and third doses, and significantly higher for Moderna than Pfizer.		'''https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.12.23.21268276''' - This study funded by Health Data Research UK found that myocarditis was more likely with second and third doses, and significantly higher for Moderna than Pfizer.

	'''https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.40364''' - This online cohort study found that vaccine side effects are more common with Moderna than Pfizer, and after having had a previous COVID infection. Vaccine side effects were fever, chills, fatigue, sore/scratchy throat, muscle pain, joint pain, headache, other pain, redness/swelling at the injection site, rash other than at the injection site, allergic reaction/anaphylaxis, and other.		'''https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.40364''' - This online cohort study (COVID-19 Citizen Science Study) found that vaccine side effects are more common with Moderna than Pfizer, and after having had a previous COVID infection. Vaccine side effects were fever, chills, fatigue, sore/scratchy throat, muscle pain, joint pain, headache, other pain, redness/swelling at the injection site, rash other than at the injection site, allergic reaction/anaphylaxis, and other.

	'''https://doi.org/10.~~1001~~/~~jamacardio.2022.0583~~''' - This ~~Nordic cohort~~ study found that the ~~adjusted incident~~ risk ~~ratio~~ for the ~~second~~ dose ~~was '''1.75X''' for Pfizer BNT162b2~~ and ~~'''6.57X'''~~ for Moderna ~~mRNA-1273~~.		'''https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-31401-5''' - This French study found that the risk of myo/pericarditis was highest during the 1st week after inoculation. It also found that risk was higher for the 2nd dose and for Moderna versus Pfizer.

	'''https://doi.org/10.~~3390~~/~~life11030249~~''' - This ~~online survey~~ found that ~~side effects (e~~.g. ~~fever, breathlessness, flu~~-~~like illness, fatigue) were more likely after a COVID infection~~.		'''https://doi.org/10.1001/jamacardio.2022.0583''' - This ?retrospective? Nordic cohort study found that the adjusted incident risk ratio for the second dose was '''1.75X''' for Pfizer BNT162b2 and '''6.57X''' for Moderna mRNA-1273.

	'''https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm11111106''' -This analysis of VAERS data found an increased chance of myocarditis following the second dose compared to the first.		'''https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm11111106''' -This analysis of VAERS data found an increased chance of myocarditis following the second dose compared to the first.
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	'''https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(22)00791-7''' - This FDA-funded study (retrospective analysis of patient health records) found that the incident rate ratio between Moderna and Pfizer was 1.43 (95% CI 0·88 to 2·34). The result was not statistically significant but trended in favour of Pfizer causing fewer cases of myocarditis, as defined by the study (e.g. those with myocarditis before vaccination during the 'clean window' period weren't counted).		'''https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(22)00791-7''' - This FDA-funded study (retrospective analysis of patient health records) found that the incident rate ratio between Moderna and Pfizer was 1.43 (95% CI 0·88 to 2·34). The result was not statistically significant but trended in favour of Pfizer causing fewer cases of myocarditis, as defined by the study (e.g. those with myocarditis before vaccination during the 'clean window' period weren't counted).

	'''https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-31401-5''' - This French study found that the risk of myo/pericarditis was highest during the 1st week after inoculation. It also found that risk was higher for the 2nd dose and for Moderna versus Pfizer.		Moderna versus Pfizer branded vaccination may be a factor since Moderna vaccines tend to have more active ingredient than Pfizer vaccines (see the page on [[Vaccine_differences\|vaccine differences]]).

			==== Risks following COVID ====


	'''https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.27689''' - This study looked at Long COVID patients before and after COVID vaccination (first shot). Postvaccination symptoms were evaluated - fatigue, joint pain, and taste and olfactory abnormalities. 7/42 patients (16.7%) reported improvement, 9/42 patients (21.4%) reported worsening, and 26/42 patients (61.9%) reported that their symptoms were unchanged.		'''https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.27689''' - This study looked at Long COVID patients before and after COVID vaccination (first shot). Postvaccination symptoms were evaluated - fatigue, joint pain, and taste and olfactory abnormalities. 7/42 patients (16.7%) reported improvement, 9/42 patients (21.4%) reported worsening, and 26/42 patients (61.9%) reported that their symptoms were unchanged.

			'''https://doi.org/10.3390/life11030249''' - This online survey found that side effects (e.g. fever, breathlessness, flu-like illness, fatigue) were more likely after a COVID infection.

	=== Effect of vaccination on COVID outcomes ===		=== Effect of vaccination on COVID outcomes ===

User123: /* Ivermectin's effect on lowering viral loads */ Nitazoxanide https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.03725-2020

2022-08-25T13:11:17Z

Ivermectin's effect on lowering viral loads: Nitazoxanide https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.03725-2020

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:11, 25 August 2022
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	<blockquote>On day 6, OR was 2.62 (95% CI: 1.09-6.31) in ivermectin arm reaching the endpoint. In a multivariable logistic regression model, the odds of a negative-test at day six was 2.28 time higher in the ivermectin group but reach significance only on day 8 (OR 3.70; 95% CI: 1.19-11.49, p=0.02). Culture-viability at days two to six were positive in 13.0% (3/23) of ivermectin samples vs. 48.2% (14/29) in the placebo group (p=0.008).</blockquote>		<blockquote>On day 6, OR was 2.62 (95% CI: 1.09-6.31) in ivermectin arm reaching the endpoint. In a multivariable logistic regression model, the odds of a negative-test at day six was 2.28 time higher in the ivermectin group but reach significance only on day 8 (OR 3.70; 95% CI: 1.19-11.49, p=0.02). Culture-viability at days two to six were positive in 13.0% (3/23) of ivermectin samples vs. 48.2% (14/29) in the placebo group (p=0.008).</blockquote>

			=== Nitazoxanide's effect on lowering viral loads ===

			[https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.03725-2020 A randomized controlled study from Rocco and colleagues] found that nitazoxanide (Alinia) reduced viral loads but did not have much of an effect on symptom resolution.

	== Masks ==		== Masks ==

User123: /* Masks */

2022-08-16T19:50:38Z

Masks

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:50, 16 August 2022
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	Masks will do nothing or very little to protect you against COVID. While many scientists may tell you otherwise, a Danish randomized controlled trial on surgical masks did not find a statistically significant benefit to mask recommendations (https://doi.org/10.7326%2FM20-6817). If they have a benefit, the benefit is almost certainly very small. A cluster-randomized trial in Bangladesh (https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abi9069) suggests that surgical mask recommendations lead to very low or no benefit.		Masks will do nothing or very little to protect you against COVID. While many scientists may tell you otherwise, a Danish randomized controlled trial on surgical masks did not find a statistically significant benefit to mask recommendations (https://doi.org/10.7326%2FM20-6817). If they have a benefit, the benefit is almost certainly very small. A cluster-randomized trial in Bangladesh (https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abi9069) suggests that surgical mask recommendations lead to very low or no benefit.

	If you want to protect yourself with a mask, an elastomeric respirator with P100 filters will filter 100% of particles in the air (such as particles carrying the coronavirus) and is known to be many times more effective at filtering than a N95 mask ~~or face covering~~. While they should be far more effective than N95s, there is very little research on their real-world effectiveness. If you wish to purchase ~~one~~, they are less than $50 on Ebay. [https://youtu.be/8petaPoHFnk This Youtube video by Rahoul Ahuja, MD] explains how to use them and where to buy them.		If you want to protect yourself with a mask, an elastomeric respirator with P100 filters will filter 100% of particles in the air (such as particles carrying the coronavirus) and is known to be many times more effective at filtering than a N95 mask. While they should be far more effective than N95s, there is very little research on their real-world effectiveness. Their theoretical protection may or may not materialize in the real world.

			If you wish to purchase an elastomeric respirator, they are less than $50 on Ebay. [https://youtu.be/8petaPoHFnk This Youtube video by Rahoul Ahuja, MD] explains how to use them and where to buy them.

User123: /* Studies showing a relationship between cumulative spike protein exposure and risk of vaccine side effects */

2022-07-17T23:17:42Z

Studies showing a relationship between cumulative spike protein exposure and risk of vaccine side effects

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:17, 17 July 2022
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	'''https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-31401-5''' - This French study found that the risk of myo/pericarditis was highest during the 1st week after inoculation. It also found that risk was higher for the 2nd dose and for Moderna versus Pfizer.		'''https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-31401-5''' - This French study found that the risk of myo/pericarditis was highest during the 1st week after inoculation. It also found that risk was higher for the 2nd dose and for Moderna versus Pfizer.

			'''https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.27689''' - This study looked at Long COVID patients before and after COVID vaccination (first shot). Postvaccination symptoms were evaluated - fatigue, joint pain, and taste and olfactory abnormalities. 7/42 patients (16.7%) reported improvement, 9/42 patients (21.4%) reported worsening, and 26/42 patients (61.9%) reported that their symptoms were unchanged.

	=== Effect of vaccination on COVID outcomes ===		=== Effect of vaccination on COVID outcomes ===

User123: /* Early treatment and prevention */

2022-07-13T23:14:23Z

Early treatment and prevention

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:14, 13 July 2022
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	* Bromhexine. This drug is only sold in a few Western countries. However, it can be purchased from Australia via Ebay, where "Chesty Forte" is a popular drug that is sold over-the-counter. The packaging should say bromhexine or bromhexine hydrochloride on it (see doi:[https://doi.org/10.7326/M20-6817 10.7326/M20-6817]).		* Bromhexine. This drug is only sold in a few Western countries. However, it can be purchased from Australia via Ebay, where "Chesty Forte" is a popular drug that is sold over-the-counter. The packaging should say bromhexine or bromhexine hydrochloride on it (see doi:[https://doi.org/10.7326/M20-6817 10.7326/M20-6817]).

			=== Ivermectin's effect on lowering viral loads ===

			A randomized controlled study conducted in Israel found that ivermectin helped acute COVID patients test negative faster.

			https://www.ijidonline.com/article/S1201-9712(22)00399-X/fulltext

			<blockquote>There were lower viral-loads and less viable-cultures in the ivermectin group, which shows its anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity.</blockquote>

			<blockquote>On day 6, OR was 2.62 (95% CI: 1.09-6.31) in ivermectin arm reaching the endpoint. In a multivariable logistic regression model, the odds of a negative-test at day six was 2.28 time higher in the ivermectin group but reach significance only on day 8 (OR 3.70; 95% CI: 1.19-11.49, p=0.02). Culture-viability at days two to six were positive in 13.0% (3/23) of ivermectin samples vs. 48.2% (14/29) in the placebo group (p=0.008).</blockquote>

	== Masks ==		== Masks ==

User123: /* Effect of vaccination on COVID outcomes */

2022-07-12T02:00:26Z

Effect of vaccination on COVID outcomes

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:00, 12 July 2022
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	=== Effect of vaccination on COVID outcomes ===		=== Effect of vaccination on COVID outcomes ===

			=== American veterans data ===

	A study by Al-Aly and colleagues (https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1749502/v1) suggests that a single vaccination slightly increases mortality risk compared to no vaccination and 2 or more vaccinations. See Supplementary Table 4 under Supplementary Files --> SupplementaryTables.xlsx. A visualization of that data is shown below.		A study by Al-Aly and colleagues (https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1749502/v1) suggests that a single vaccination slightly increases mortality risk compared to no vaccination and 2 or more vaccinations. See Supplementary Table 4 under Supplementary Files --> SupplementaryTables.xlsx. A visualization of that data is shown below.
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	<blockquote>The median distribution of time between the first and second infection was 79 days (IQR: 48–119), and between the second and third was 65 (43–97).</blockquote>		<blockquote>The median distribution of time between the first and second infection was 79 days (IQR: 48–119), and between the second and third was 65 (43–97).</blockquote>

			=== United Kingdom ONS data ===

			From [https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/healthandsocialcare/conditionsanddiseases/bulletins/selfreportedlongcovidaftertwodosesofacoronaviruscovid19vaccineintheuk/26january2022 a January 2022 study posted on the ONS website]:

			<blockquote>In a sample of UK adults aged 18 to 69 years, receiving two doses of a coronavirus (COVID-19) vaccine at least two weeks before a first test-confirmed COVID-19 infection was associated with a 41.1% decrease in the odds of self-reported long COVID at least 12 weeks later, relative to socio-demographically similar study participants who were not vaccinated when infected</blockquote>

			One weakness of the ONS data is that it defines fully vaccinated as two weeks after the second dose. There does not seem to be a valid scientific or statistical reason to use such a definition.

	== Early treatment and prevention ==		== Early treatment and prevention ==